A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge regarding Prevention of Diabetic Retinopathy

 

Dr. Dayalal Patidar¹, Mr. Kaushal Patidar², Mr. Mukesh Chaudhari³

¹Pincipal, Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu, Dist: Mehsana

²HOD, Medical Surgical Department, Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu, Dist: Mehsana

³Second Year M.SC. Nursing Student, Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu, Dist: Mehsana

 

ABSTRACT:

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is chronic systematic disease characterized by either deficiency of insulin or decease ability of the body to use insulin. Diabetes Mellitus is sometimes referred as “High sugar” by both clients and health care provider. Aims and Objective: To assess the knowledge regarding Prevention of diabetic Retinopathy among the diabetic mellitus patients, To assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on knowledge regarding prevention of diabetic retinopathy among the diabetes mellitus patients, To find the association of the knowledge with their selected demographic variables. Methods- a quantitative approach using pre experimental one group pre test –post test design. 60 patients were selected using non probability convenience sampling in various hospital. Planned teaching programme was given. Self structure questionnaire will prepare and used to assess the knowledge. Results In  this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group 31.66% (61-65y), Gender 95% (Male), marital status 83.33% (married), types of family 75% (joint), Education status 55% (other), occupation 43.66 % (other) monthly income 53.33% (above 15000),types of diet  (66.66%) vegetarian , and since how long you are diabetic 75% (less than 4 year)and family history of diabetic mellitus (83.33%) YES.  During Pre-test, only 18 (30%) of workers had Poor level (0-10 score) of knowledge on prevention of diabetic retinopathy, 42 (70%) of patients had average (11-20 score) level of knowledge on prevention of diabetic retinopathy and no one had good knowledge (21-30) on prevention of diabetic retinopathy. During Post-test, No one of workers had Poor level (0-10 score) of knowledge on prevention of diabetic retinopathy .35(58.33%) of patients had average (11-20 score) level of knowledge on prevention of diabetic retinopathy and 25(41.66%) had good knowledge (21-30) on prevention of diabetic retinopathy. During pre-test, the mean score of level of knowledge was 10.33and the standard deviation was 1.9096. During post-test, the mean score of level of knowledge was 16.9and the standard deviation was 1.6492. The obtained‘t’ value for level of knowledge was20.27which is significant at p<0.05 level. Thus, it rejects the null hypothesis (H₀₁) and accepts the research hypothesis (H₁).

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Diabetic mellitus is a common chronic disease and is a public health problem that affects all    level of society, regarding of age. Gender, ethnicity or race. Recently it has been recognized that diabetic has the potential to reach epidemic proportion with related implication of visual impairment in India. The blind population of India is estimated to be about 9-12 million which is supposed to be 25% of the would blind population. The facts that 25% of the blind population is in India is a strong reason for imparting a proper education to diabetic regarding the prevention of diabetic retinopathy. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a planned Teaching programme on Knowledge regarding prevention of diabetic retinopathy.¹

 

Diabetes is probably one of the most concerning health conditions affecting millions of people worldwide.   In India the situation seems to be alarming because of the fact that, “The International Diabetes Federation” estimated the number of diabetic patients in India has more than doubled from 19 million in 1995 to 40.9 million in 2007 and projected to 69.9 million by 2025².

 

NEED OF THE STUDY:

One of the priorities of diabetic care would wide is to increase awareness and knowledge of diabetic eye disease and to encourage action to prevent loss of vision. In USA diabetic affects approximately 14 million Americans and about 40 percent of all people with diabetic have at least mild sings of diabetic retinopathy. The most common ocular complication of diabetic. Other ocular complication includes cataracts and glaucoma. People with diabetic are at significance higher risk of blindness than the general population.³

 

Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive disorder of the retina characterized by microscopic damage to the retinal vessels. Resulting on occultation of the vessels. As a result of inadequate blood supply section of the retina deteriorate and vision of premenely lost. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in adult 25 to 74 year of age and occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic⁴

 

Epidemiological studies have suggested that diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are associated with poorer glycemic control and higher blood pressure levels. Health care providers should work with their patients to achieve good blood glucose and blood pressure control. The role of the nurse, particularly in educating the patient regarding the various aspects of control of diabetes mellitus leading to management of microvascular complications is vital. In the study regarding empowering people with diabetes to minimize complications, it has been reported that self-management is key to good diabetes care and patient education should be at the heart of any service.⁵

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Prevention of diabetic retinopathy among the diabetic mellitus patients admitted in selected Hospitals of Mehsana city.

 

OBJECTIVE:

1. To assess the knowledge regarding Prevention of diabetic Retinopathy among the diabetic mellitus patients.

2. To assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on knowledge regarding prevention of diabetic retinopathy among the diabetes mellitus patients.

3. To find the association of the knowledge with their selected demographic variables.

 

HYPOTHISIS:

H0- There will be no significance difference between pretests and posttest knowledge score regarding prevention of diabetic retinopathy at 0.05 level of significance.

 

H1- There will be significance different between pretest and posttest knowledge score after administration planned teaching programme at 0.05 level of significance.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

A quantitative research approach using pre experimental one group pre test –post test design.60 patient were selected using non probability convenience sampling in various hospital. Planned teaching programme was given. Self structure questionnaire will prepare and used to assess the knowledge.

 

RESULTS:

Demographic data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Frequencies, percentage, mean, median, mean percentage and standard deviation was used to determine the knowledge score. The ‘T’ value was computed to show the effectiveness of planned teaching programme and chi-square test was done to determine the association between the pretest knowledge with selected demographic variables.

 

FINDING RELATED TO DEMOGRAPHIC DATA:

In  this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group 31.66% (61-65y), Gender 95% (Male), marital status 83.33% (married), types of family 75% (joint), Education status 55% (other), occupation 43.66 % (other) monthly income 53.33% (above 15000),types of diet  (66.66%) vegetarian , and since how long you are diabetic 75% (less than 4 year)and family history of diabetic mellitus (83.33%) YES.

 

FINDING RELATED TO PRE AND POST KNOWLEDGE SCORE:

table I reveals that, during Pre-test, only 18(30%) of patients had Poor level (0-8 score) of knowledge on prevention of diabetic retinopathy, 42(70%) of patients had average (9-16 score) level of knowledge on prevention of diabetic retinopathy and no one had good knowledge (17-25) on prevention of diabetic retinopathy.

 

During Post-test, No one of patients had Poor level (0-8 score) of knowledge on prevention of diabetic retinopathy. 35(58.33%) of patients had average (9-16 score) level of knowledge on prevention of diabetic retinopathy and 25(41.66%) had good knowledge (17-25) on prevention of diabetic retinopathy.

It was inferred from the above table that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge on Prevention of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients.

 

Table 1. Frequency and percentage distribution of pre test and post test knowledge

Level of Knowledge	Pre-test		Post-test
	Frequency	Percent (%)	Frequency	Percent (%)
Poor (0-8)	18	30	00	00
Average (9-16)	42	70	35	58.33
Good (17-25)	00	00	25	41.66
Total	60	100%	60	100%

 

 

Figure1. Bar diagram representing percentage wise distribution of the sample according to pre -test and post- test level of knowledge.

 

FINDING RELATED TO EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME:

 During pre-test, the mean score of level of knowledge was 10.33and the standard deviation was 1.9096. During post-test, the mean score of level of knowledge was 16.9and the standard deviation was 1.6492. The obtained’ value for level of knowledge was 20.27 which is significant at p<0.05 level. Thus, it rejects the null hypothesis (H₀₁) and accepts the research hypothesis (H₁). This indicates that the Planned teaching programme on prevention of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients.

 

Table 2. Mean, mean difference, standard deviation, and “T” test value of pre test and post test knowledge score

Sr. No	Level of knowledge	Mean	Mean difference	Standard deviation	“t” test
1.	Pre – test	10.33	6.57	1.9096	20.27
2.	Post- test	16.9		1.6492

 

FINDING RELATED TO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PRETEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE WITH SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES:

The association between the Pre test level of Knowledge and socio demographic Variable. Based on the Third objectives used to chi –square test to associate the level of knowledge.chi square value shows that their gender is significant and other is not significant at the 0.05 level of significance.

 

CONCLUSION:

The conclusions drawn from the finding of the study are as follows:

The ’T’ test is done to find the effect of planned teaching programme. It revealed that there is highly significant gain of knowledge after the administration of intervention. The ’T’ value is 20.27 and research hypothesis is accepted and null hypothesis is rejected. The pre-test knowledge means score is 10.33 and standard deviation is 1.90. Post test knowledge score is 16.9 and standard deviation 1.64.so knowledge is increase after intervention. This indicates that the planned teaching programme is effective in increasing the knowledge.

 

REFERENCES:

1.      Basvanthapa, B.T. (Nursing Research (1st ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Publications.

2.      Basvanthappa, B. T. Nursing Theories (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Publications.

3.      Joyce M. Black, Esther Metassarin-Jacobs. Medical-Surgical Nursing –Clinical Management for Continuity of Care. 5^th ed. New Delhi, Harcourt Brace, Asia, W.B. Saunders,.

4.      King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, Prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care

5.      Basavanthappa BT. Nursing Research – Review of Literature, 1^stedn., Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi,

 

 

Received on 15.06.2019         Modified on 25.06.2019

Accepted on 10.07.2019       ©A&V Publications All right reserved